AI Generative Policy

Fokus Bisnis: Media Pengkajian Manajemen dan Akuntansi (FOKBIS) recognizes that generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies are increasingly used in research and scholarly communication. These technologies may support legitimate academic activities, but their use must not compromise originality, accuracy, transparency, confidentiality, intellectual property, research integrity, or human accountability.

FOKBIS does not prohibit the responsible use of generative AI. However, human authors remain fully responsible for every aspect of the work submitted and published, including the accuracy of information, validity of arguments, integrity of data and analyses, appropriate attribution of sources, and compliance with research and publication ethics.

This policy applies to authors, reviewers, editors, and other parties involved in the journal's scholarly publication process.

Use of Generative AI by Authors

Authors may use generative AI or AI-assisted technologies as supporting tools during research and manuscript preparation, provided that such use is responsible, transparent, and consistent with the principles described in this policy.

Permissible uses may include, where appropriate:

• improving language, readability, grammar, or clarity;
• supporting the organization or structuring of ideas;
• assisting with coding or other technical tasks;
• supporting exploratory literature discovery;
• assisting with data processing or analytical tasks when methodologically appropriate; and
• other supportive uses that do not replace the authors' scholarly judgment and intellectual contribution.

Authors must critically review, verify, and where necessary revise all AI-assisted output before submission. Generative AI may produce information that is inaccurate, incomplete, misleading, biased, or unsupported.

Human Responsibility and Scholarly Contribution

A manuscript submitted to FOKBIS must represent the authors' authentic scholarly contribution. Authors must exercise independent intellectual judgment in developing the research problem, theoretical argument, methodological decisions, interpretation of findings, discussion, and conclusions.

Authors remain responsible for verifying all factual statements, calculations, analyses, references, quotations, and other material produced or suggested with AI assistance.

The use of generative AI does not reduce or transfer an author's responsibility for plagiarism, fabricated references, inaccurate information, copyright infringement, methodological errors, inappropriate analysis, or other problems contained in the submitted work.

AI and Authorship

Generative AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors. Authorship requires responsibilities that can only be fulfilled by humans, including accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work, approval of the final manuscript, management of conflicts of interest, and responsibility for responding to questions concerning the published work.

AI systems should not be cited or presented as the responsible author of scholarly claims. Authors remain responsible for identifying and citing the original and appropriate scholarly sources supporting their work.

References and Source Verification

Authors must independently verify references suggested or generated by AI tools. AI-generated references may contain incorrect authors, titles, publication details, DOI information, or sources that do not exist.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that every reference included in the manuscript is accurate, relevant, traceable to an appropriate source, and has been consulted sufficiently to support its use in the manuscript.

AI in Research Methods and Data Analysis

When generative AI or AI-assisted technologies play a substantive role in research design, data collection, coding, analysis, modeling, interpretation, or another methodological procedure, their use must be described transparently in the manuscript.

Authors should provide sufficient information to allow readers to understand how the technology was used, including the tool or system where relevant, its role in the research process, and the extent of human verification and oversight.

AI-generated or synthetic data must not be presented as data obtained from actual participants, organizations, markets, documents, or other empirical sources.

Confidentiality, Privacy, and Intellectual Property

Authors must exercise particular caution when using external AI systems. Confidential research data, personally identifiable information, unpublished organizational information, proprietary business data, restricted datasets, copyrighted material, or other information that authors are not authorized to disclose should not be uploaded to an AI service unless appropriate confidentiality, data protection, and legal safeguards are assured.

Authors are responsible for reviewing the applicable terms, privacy practices, data-retention arrangements, and intellectual-property implications of AI tools used in connection with their research or manuscript.

Disclosure of Generative AI Use

Authors must disclose the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies when those technologies have made a substantive contribution to manuscript preparation, research procedures, analysis, or content generation.

The disclosure should identify:

• the name of the AI tool or service used;
• the purpose for which it was used;
• the stage of the research or manuscript process in which it was used; and
• the nature of human review, verification, and oversight.

Basic tools used solely for conventional spelling, grammar, punctuation, formatting, or reference-management functions generally do not require a generative AI disclosure.

Use of Generative AI by Reviewers

Manuscripts submitted to FOKBIS are confidential scholarly communications. Reviewers must protect manuscript content, unpublished findings, author information, review materials, and other confidential information obtained through the peer-review process.

Reviewers must not upload a submitted manuscript, substantial portions of a manuscript, confidential reviewer materials, or unpublished research data into publicly accessible or other AI systems where confidentiality, data protection, and appropriate handling of the submitted content cannot be assured.

AI tools must not replace the reviewer's independent scholarly assessment. Reviewers remain fully responsible for the accuracy, fairness, reasoning, recommendations, and content of their review reports.

Where an AI-assisted tool is used in a permissible supportive manner, reviewers should ensure that manuscript confidentiality is maintained and disclose substantive AI assistance to the editorial team.

Use of Generative AI by Editors

Editors must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and all associated editorial and peer-review information. Confidential manuscript material must not be uploaded to external AI systems where appropriate confidentiality and data protection cannot be assured.

Generative AI must not replace editorial judgment. Decisions concerning desk review, reviewer selection, revision requirements, acceptance, rejection, ethical concerns, or other substantive editorial matters remain the responsibility of qualified human editors.

Editors remain accountable for all editorial decisions and communications, regardless of whether AI-assisted technologies have been used for permissible supporting activities.

Undisclosed or Inappropriate AI Use

Failure to disclose substantive generative AI use, fabrication of information or references through AI, misrepresentation of AI-generated material as original empirical evidence, breach of confidentiality, or other inappropriate uses of AI may be considered research or publication ethics concerns.

When such concerns arise, FOKBIS may request clarification, documentation, original data, or other information necessary to evaluate the integrity of the work. Depending on the circumstances, editorial action may include revision, rejection, correction, retraction, or other action consistent with the journal's Publication Ethics and related policies.

Policy Development

Generative AI technologies and standards for their responsible use continue to evolve. FOKBIS may revise this policy when necessary to respond to developments in technology, research integrity, scholarly publishing practices, and relevant ethical guidance.

This policy is informed by contemporary guidance on responsible AI use in scholarly publishing, including guidance provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and other recognized scholarly publishing standards.